California-based crypto startup Space and Time has introduced a new high-performance ZK prover to enhance on-chain transactions and defi growth.

Space and Time (SxT), a custom-built compute layer, has made its sub-second zero-knowledge (ZK) prover stack, named Proof of SQL, publicly accessible. Initially, this ZK-proof system was available to a select group of SxT clients in alpha last August.

ZK provers are essential due to privacy considerations, a fundamental aspect of cryptographic technology. The core principle of ZK models allows users to confirm that data or transactions are valid without revealing additional information.

Several web3 developers, including Ethereum’s Vitalik Buterin, have emphasized the importance of ZK stacks in establishing reliable decentralized finance (defi) ecosystems. This technology is crucial for ensuring secure on-chain interactions for smart contract protocols and end-users. However, ZK proofs have sometimes been known to slow down execution.

SxT co-founder and head of research Jay White, PhD, mentioned that his team developed the Proof of SQL program “so that smart contracts and AI agents can ask questions about a chain’s activity, as well as off-chain data, and receive back trustless SQL query results on-chain during a transaction without having to wait for 30-minute proof times.”

The web3 data warehouse claims its Proof of SQL offers a better-optimized processing architecture for large-scale operations compared to generalized zk-Virtual Machines and co-processors.

According to SxT and White, the ZK prover executed queries for over 100,000 row tables in under one second on a single GPU unit. This model can be integrated into zkVMs on blockchains like Ethereum (ETH) for faster speeds and larger tasks.

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