According to the results of the 2023 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies and crypto, only 12% of central banks are planning to issue retail CBDCs in the mid-term.

A recent survey by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) indicates that a vast majority of central banks worldwide are steering away from issuing retail versions of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) in the medium term, with only 12% of respondents expressing plans to do so.

According to the survey results, the likelihood that a wholesale CBDC will be issued within the next six years is now “greater than that for retail,” BIS says, adding that there could be nine wholesale CBDCs “publicly circulating towards the end of this decade.”

The international financial institution says central banks are still interested in wholesale CBDCs mainly due to their desire to enhance cross-border payments, in both advanced economies and emerging markets.

“In particular, some respondents mentioned that a wholesale CBDC could address the challenges that cross-border payments face today, such as high costs, low speed, limited access, and insufficient transparency.”

The survey also identified that in the case of wholesale CBDCs, central banks are mainly trying to allow financial institutions to access new functionalities enabled by tokenization, such as composability and programmability.

Meanwhile, for retail CBDCs — which are still being explored by more than half of surveyed central banks — financial regulators are more interested in clarifying matters related to holding limits, interoperability, offline options, and zero remuneration.

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